Why is pesticides bad

In relation to topography, flat landscapes, areas with closed drainage systems where water drains toward the center of a basin, and especially sinkhole areas, are more susceptible to groundwater contamination. As for climate, large rainfall or irrigation may culminate in large amounts of water percolating through the soil, to reach groundwater.

Rainfall can also carry pesticides to surface waters, contaminating rivers, lakes, and seas, and taking these chemicals to distant places [ 94 ]. Finally, management practices can affect the movement of pesticides.

With respect to the application methods, pesticides injected or incorporated into the soil are more available for leaching and reaching groundwater, whereas pesticides sprayed onto crops are more susceptible to volatilization and surface runoff, reaching surface waters and the atmosphere.

Concerning the application rates and timing, the use of larger amounts of a pesticide during are rainfall or irrigation facilitates the assess of the chemical to groundwater. With respect to handling practices, correct storage and disposal of the pesticides containers impact environmental contamination [ 94 ]. The fact that a contaminant is present in the environment does not necessarily mean that it will reach an organism. The contaminant and the organism must overlap in time and space for exposure to occur.

Contact can be dermal or oral or even via inhalation, gills, and, more rarely, injection [ 5 ]. Once pesticides reach non-target organisms, they may undergo biotransformation via reactions like hydrolysis, oxidation, reduction, or conjugation catalyzed by liver enzymes.

Biotransformation is an effort of the organism to detoxify and eliminate xenobiotics, but this process can also produce metabolites that are more toxic than their parent compound, a phenomenon called bioactivation. An example of bioactivation is the biotransformation of DDT, which is not highly toxic to birds, into DDE, which causes thinning of eggshells because it disrupts calcium metabolism [ 5 ].

In organisms, the absorption of a pesticide with high lipid solubility and low elimination rate can lead to bioaccumulation of this chemical in the fatty tissue, and the final concentration of the chemical in the organism will be higher than its concentration in the environment [ 96 ].

When the bioaccumulated chemical passes from lower to higher trophic levels through the food chain, successively greater pesticide concentrations emerge in animals of higher trophic level. This phenomena is called biomagnification. The offspring of top predators can also become contaminated, mainly in the case of marine mammals, because they can consume milk with extremely high fat and pesticides content [ 5 ].

Application of pesticide involves not only the active ingredient but also the whole formulation. Therefore, the environment and the human are exposed to both the active and inert ingredients. Although inert ingredients have no pesticidal activity, facilitate application of the pesticides — they enhance the active compound penetration into the target organism as well as the toxic action. Hence, the inert ingredients raise the formulation toxicity even in non-target organisms [ 35 ].

One example is the formulation of glyphosate, which is an active ingredient. It contributes a little to the total toxicity of the formulated product, particularly in the case of aquatic organisms, which are more sensitive to surface-active substances [ 97 ].

The categorization of pesticides commonly relies on their persistence in the environment. Organochlorine pesticides are persistent, whereas organophosphates, carbamates, phenoxyacid derivatives, chloroacetanilides, pyrethroids, and others are non-persistent. Compared with persistent pesticides, non-persistent chemicals have much shorter environmental half-lives and do not tend to bioaccumulate.

Nevertheless, because of the heavy agricultural use of these chemicals, exists concern about their presence in the environment [ 14 ]. The non-persistent pesticides organophosphorus and carbamates act on acetylcholinesterase. The presence of this enzyme in insects, birds, fish, and all mammals allows these pesticides to reach both target and non-target organisms. Pesticides such as organophosphorus and carbamates can affect numerous teleost behaviors [ 99 ].

The pesticides that inhibit acetylcholinesterase are polar and water soluble. Moreover, their metabolism in the body is fast, and their degradation in the environment is relatively rapid.

Therefore, organophosphorus and carbamates do not tend to bioaccumulate in aquatic species. However, the accumulation of these compounds in fish and invertebrates was reported long ago [ ]. Organophosphorus compounds do not persist in the environment. However, their large-scale use and their decomposition rates in the environment cause these compounds to accumulate in soils, from where they subsequently enter groundwater and rivers [ ].

A recent study detected the organothiophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos in air and seawater in the Arctic, which demonstrated the long-range transport of this chemical [ ]. Diazinon, another organophosphorus compound, frequently occurs in point sources wastewater treatment plant effuent and non-point sources storm water runoff in urban and agricultural areas.

This pesticide is extremely toxic to birds and the aquatic life [ ]. Organophosphorus compounds are acutely toxic, broad-spectrum pesticides. In the environment, secondary poisoning can occur when predators consume animals poisoned by these chemicals.

Examples of contamination by organophosphorus are numerous. An example of carbamate contamination occurred with the pesticide, aldicarb, which polluted groundwater in the United States.

Other carbamates such as carbaryl and its degradation product 1-naphthol have emerged in surface waters. The metabolite 1-naphtol is more toxic than its parent compound, and it has arisen in India [ ]. Methomyl, carbaryl and carbofuran, commonly used carbamates, have appeared in the aquatic environment [ ]. Carbofuran has commonly been associated with wildlife pesticide poisoning events when applied in the granular form.

Apparently, birds mistake them for seeds [ 5 ]. Organochlorines have long environmental half-lives and tend to bioaccumulate and biomagnify in organisms. A series of evaporation and deposition steps as well as migration of animals containing bioaccumulated organochlorines can transport these compounds through the environment, carrying it to animals in higher levels of the food chain. These persistent chemicals thus occur thousands of miles away from their origin [ 14 ]. The properties of organochlorines like aldrin and dieldrin result in direct mortality of predatory birds, such as sparrow hawks and kestrels [ 5 ].

These chemicals have intensive use in agricultural and industrial activities, so they emerge across the world, including the deserted plateau and the polar zone [ ]. The organochlorine chlorothalonil is a fungicide that has arisen in seawater and air in the Arctic as well as in snow cores in Arctic Canada. Endolsulfan, an organochlorine insecticide, has appeared in animals from Greenland like marine fish and mammals [ ].

Despite the ban on many organochlorine compounds in the s, some countries still fabricate and use chemicals such as DDT to control vector disease [ 98 ]. Other countries have replaced organochlorines with the less persistent and more effective organophosphorus compounds [ ]. Pyrethrins and Pyrethroids are non-persistent pesticides used worldwide as insecticides in agriculture, forestry, households, public health and stored products [ ].

Therefore, urban and peri-urban populations are potentially chronically exposed to these compounds [ 87 ]. Pyrethrins and Pyrethroids act on sodium channels in the nervous system of numerous phyla, such as arthropods and chordates [ 87 ]. Pyrethrins and Pyrethroids present low acute toxicity to mammals and birds and constitute one of the safest insecticides to man. However, at low concentrations these chemicals are acutely toxic to a wide range of aquatic organisms and insects [ ].

Pyrethrins are natural compounds extracted from chrysanthemum flowers; pyrethroids are synthetic compounds whose structure resembles the structure of pyrethrins [ 87 ]. Light degrades these chemicals. Modification of pyrethroids over the years has enhanced their insecticidal activity and persistence in the environment [ ].

Compared with pyrethrins, pyrethroids are more stable under light [ ], which incurs increased environmental risks associated with their use [ 5 ]. Pyrethrins and Pyrethroids display high selectivity and easy degradability in the environment as compared with other pesticides, been a favored replacement for organophosphorus compounds [ ]. Pyrethroids strongly adsorb to soil particles, but they can move in runoff with soil particles and reach sediments, consequently entering aquatic ecosystems and affecting aquatic organisms like invertebrates and fish [ ].

Fish are highly sensitive to pyrethrin and pyrethroid products, and contamination of lakes, streams, ponds, or any aquatic habitat is a concern [ ]. Moreover, some formulations contain additional insecticides, insect repellents, and solvents such as alcohol and petroleum, which increase pesticide toxicity [ ]. Triazines basically consist of herbicide compounds, are relatively persistent and migrate easily through the soil into surface and ground waters [ ]. In soil, they undergo degradation mainly in a microbial action, but the role of photodegradation is still significant [ ].

Residues of triazines have emerged in soil, surface waters, and groundwater in areas where the application of agrochemicals has taken place [ ]. Herbicides are often benign with regard to impacts on animals; however, these compounds can have toxic effects at concentrations found in the environment [ 5 ]. Furthermore, indiscriminate use of this herbicide, careless handling, accidental spillage, or discharge of untreated effluents into natural water ways can harm the fish population and other aquatic organisms and may contribute to long-term effects in the environment.

Atrazine, a triazine herbicide, is one of the most often detected pesticides in streams, rivers, ponds, reservoirs, and groundwater [ ]. Phenoxy derivatives basically consist of compounds with herbicide action. They are soluble in water and can pollute surface and ground waters. Phenoxy derivatives display moderate toxicity, but some chlorinated metabolites can be toxic to human and aquatic organisms [ ].

In addition, the metabolites may have mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. However, these processes may not suffice to reduce the concentrations of chlorinated phenoxy derivatives on many sites [ ]. Regarding dipyridyl derivatives, the best-known compounds are diquat and paraquat, developed as herbicides and desiccants. Diquat is water soluble and persistent in the aquatic system. However, it can bind to soil, which reduces its mobility in the environment.

Although herbicides are usually little toxic to animals, diquat is toxic to some aquatic organisms [ ]. Soil adsorbs paraquat, which presents its leaching to ground water; soil microorganisms and photolysis degrade this herbicide [ ]. The herbicide glyophosate bears glycine, which adsorbs to soil, undergoes degradation by bacteria, and has low potential for runoff. However, is it highly water soluble and emerges in surface waters. Glyphosate is little toxic to mammals, but the surfactants present in some formulations rise the toxicity of this chemical.

Hence, some formulations, mainly those intended for aquatic vegetation control, can kill amphibians [ 5 ]. Many authors have demonstrated that glyphosate formulations can cause genetic damage in fish [ 97 ]. Dithiocarbamates DTC function mainly as fungicides that protect crops, but they also work as rodent repellents [ ]. The intensive use of dithiocarbamates in agriculture often contaminates water bodies [ ].

Ziram, one of the best-known dithiocarbamates, is toxic to aquatic organisms [ ]. Other examples of chemical classes of pesticides exist. Alachlor and metolachlor belong to the group of chloroacetanilides. These herbicides and their degradation products have arisen in surface and groundwater [ ].

Diuron, a urea derivative, can pollute freshwaters by leaching through the soil. It has appeared in marinas and coastal areas [ ].

Additionally, trifluralin, a dinitroanilin, has emerged in Arctic air and seawater [ ]. Therefore, a huge amount and variety of pesticides exist in the environment. Many chemicals that exist at low concentrations may not cause acute detectable effects in organisms, but they may induce other kinds of damage, like genetic disorders and physiological alterations that, in the long run, reduce the organisms life span [ 11 ]. A wide range of methodologies exist to identify possible exposure to pesticides.

When identification is necessary due to poisoning of a patient attended in the clinic, the general procedures include anamnesis, physical examination, evaluation of clinical signs, and diagnostic and toxicological analysis. Selection of the test will depend on the purpose of the analysis. It is also essential to consider the financial costs of a method. Simpler tests are still important, — apart from been inexpensive, many offer high sensitivity, specificity, precision, and accuracy, all of which are factors that are crucial for reliable analysis [ , ].

Sample storage for long periods should ensure that no sample degradation or external contamination occurs. Well-sealed containers stored under refrigeration and protected from light are mandatory.

To avoid any type of external interference during analysis, none of the employed materials should modify or degrade the pesticide in the sample. The analysis of pesticides, mainly in water, ambient air, and soil sediments, often requires a purification step to clean the sample and pre-concentrate the analytes, to improve the quality of the analytical results.

The extraction process is a key analytical step — it extracts the desirable compounds for further separation and characterization. Liquid-liquid extraction, and pre-concentration procedures, such as solid-phase extraction and solid-phase microextraction, are the most commonly used methods, but other extraction methods are also applicable depending on the objective [ ].

Extraction of residues from the sample matrix demands appropriate solvents for maximum extraction efficiency and minimal co-extraction of interfering substances.

The extraction solvents must be highly pure. Blank tests help to prove that the matrix does not interfere in the analyzes. After extraction, a purification step removes the interfering substance with minimal loss of the analyte. The final solution should include an appropriate solvent for analyte determination by the selected method [ ].

When the analyzed pesticide is volatile or semi-volatile, GC still is the method of choice: it offers higher resolution and lower detection limits. GC is usually associated with multiple detectors whose choice will depend on the characteristics of the target analytes. GC is based on sample volatilization and introduction into a chromatographic column coated or packed with a solid or liquid stationary phase.

A gaseous mobile phase elutes the analyte; this phase is inert, and does not interact with the analyte. The carrier gases should be pure and chemically inert, too, and the choice will depend on the detector. The commonest carrier gases are helium, argon, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen [ ].

LC has emerged as a great separation tool. It allows for effective separation of nonvolatile and thermally unstable pesticides that are incompatible with GC.

During LC, extracts pass through multiple adsorbent columns that can discriminate between the components of the matrix and target analyte.

The degree of selectivity will vary according to the adsorbent present in the column alumina, silica gel, or Florisil , mesh size, and activity levels. Columns can be used separately or in combination [ ]. CE is a powerful tool to separate and identify a wide range of molecules. EC provides high resolution, and large separation efficiency. It requires small sample size and low solvent consumption analyzes is faster and operational coats are low [ ]. An ideal detector should ensure adequate sensitivity, good stability and reproducibility, and linear response to various concentrations of the analytes.

It should also operate in a wide range of temperature, have reduced response time independent of the flow , and be easy to handle. The detector response should be equivalent for all the analytes or selective to certain classes of compounds. Ultimately, the detector should not destroy the sample. Unfortunately, a switch that exhibits all these characteristics does not exist, so it is necessary to select the detector according to the desired goal [ ]. Several types of detectors are commercially available.

They can come coupled to the separation device. The latter method is currently in evidence due because it is highly sensitive, offers autonomy, and performs a variety of functions. Electron capture and mass spectrometry are the most often used to detect pesticides. The electron capture detector ECD is usually employed to search for organic pesticides, because it is highly sensitive and selective toward molecules containing electronegative functional groups.

However, ED cannot detect compounds with low electron affinity. Its excellent properties are useful for analysis of pesticides in both the environmental area and hospitals. It is advantageous over ECD in term of sensitivity, stability, and robustness [ ]. Mass spectrometry is a confirmation technique that is less subject to misunderstanding. Nevertheless, it has a drawback — it destroys the analyte [ ]. As mentioned previously, the choice of method will depend on the case.

These methods play a very important role in the analysis of pesticides and related compounds and are applicable in several areas like environmental analysis, food safety, and occupational toxicology, among others.

Because they can serve various purposes, these methods also help to detect compounds in different samples, such as water, soil, sediment, sludge, vegetables and fruits, and animals and humans tissues and fluids [ , ]. Obviously, method will based on the needs and characteristics of the target pesticide, and each sample will have their own features, which will depend on their physicochemical properties.

Chemical analysis of isolated compounds is commonly used to monitor environmental pollution, but such analyses can be limited and expensive and cannot indicate the biological effects. In contrast, biological tests indicate the toxicity of a ride range of compounds or environmental samples, and are therefore essential to determine the environmental impacts of the presence of these chemicals [ ]. Immunoassays and biosensors are methods related to the biological factor. Immunoassays are a powerful tool in clinical laboratories and one of the most widely applied analytical techniques.

The reagents kits and the equipment necessary to perform immunoassays are commercially available and rely on fluorescent, chemiluminescent or other detection methods. Immunoassays can detect a wide range of compounds including drugs, proteins, and hormones; they can also identify and quantify the presence of pesticides residues in various samples such as natural water, food, and blood, among others [ ].

Regarding biosensors, organisms such as Drosophila melanogaster fly species may aid the detection of pesticides in food samples and other matrixes such as water, soil, plants, and animal tissue. This test model is advantageous, because these insects have low tolerance to toxic substances with insecticidal character, besides being experimental models of easy creation, manipulation, and maintenance.

In addition, they require few financial resources and can remain under laboratory conditions. However, this method only serves to detect the presence of pesticides, but it cannot identify the detected compound. Therefore, after using this probe, the analyst has to employ a chromatographic, for example, to identify the group of pesticides in that sample [ ]. The chapter begins with an introduction about pesticides, citing the Second World War and the publication of the book "Silent Spring" by Rachel Carson.

Even in the introduction, it is mentioned the Integrated Pest Management IPM and the risks and benefits of pesticides use. Subsequently, the chapter presents the topic "physicochemical properties and stages of intoxication. In the latter group, the nanopesticides are mentioned. The chapter also discusses the pesticides as inducers of oxidative stress and endocrine disruptors action of two important issues.

Farmers mix together a variety of pesticides in their agitator drums. These can be categorized into three main groups: herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides. Commonly used insecticides are organic phosphates OPP or the controversial neonicotinoids. They keep harmful insects such as aphids at bay in the field, and voracious bugs like the granary weevil off the harvest in storehouses. Most insecticides attack the nervous system of the intended victims.

OPPs, for example, inhibit the acetylcholinesterase enzyme and can cause convulsions. However, their toxicity makes them harmful to all living beings. The fear is that even beneficial pollinators, such as bees, are affected by the pesticide. OPPs also pose a risk to human health. When these substances are swallowed or inhaled, they can trigger a condition known as cholinergic syndrome. Symptoms can include coordination difficulties, coma, and spasms of the respiratory tract.

The most widely used herbicide in the world is glyphosate. This substance is the active ingredient in the Roundup pesticide. Roundup is used for weed protection on almost all conventional fields. The substance inhibits a plant enzyme and thus suppresses their growth. Glyphosate has long been suspected of causing cancer in humans. Residues of this substance are frequently found in food items and in the hair of field workers. The workers come into direct contact with Roundup when it is sprayed in the field.

The U. This program runs every year, and they make the results publicly available. The USDA test more than 10, samples. This guide lists produce according to the pesticide levels it contains. These items contained higher amounts of pesticides than other fruits and vegetables. However, the USDA have classed these pesticide levels as safe for people to consume. It may not be possible to completely avoid pesticides in food, as their use is so widespread.

That being said, a person can choose to buy and consume organic produce. Farmers grow and produce organic food in line with government guidelines. These guidelines mean that organic farmers must:. Organic food can be expensive, however, and according to a comprehensive review , there is little difference in the nutrient content between organic and nonorganic produce. Spraying fruits, vegetables, and crops with pesticides protects them from damage due to insects, weeds, and fungi.

Coming into contact with large amounts of pesticides can be harmful. Although most produce contains some level of pesticide residue, food testing ensures that the levels of pesticides are low enough to not pose a risk to human health. Strong laws regulate the sale and use of pesticides.

Is bottled water safer than tap water? Which option tastes better, and are there any other factors to consider when choosing between them?

Learn more…. That flies in the face of the real life record of GE crops. Now she is posting the same wacked out professor flat out lying. Very little of the wheat in this country is dessiccated with glyphosate. Schubert should be embarrassed by the bizarre set of papers listed in support of his video. Frankly, I would expect far more from a first year biology student.

Jean, if you have an interest in one of the specific topics in the video, feel free to share it, so that it can be discussed by participants of thread. BTW with all due respect, for all I know Dr. Schubert may be highly accomplished in the field of Alzheimers research, but this expertise does not automatically add credibility to his opinions about the broad fields of pesticides or crop genetic engineering. You do realize that Bt stands for Bacillus thuringiensis, and is only harmful to the larva of certain insects?

BT is not a chemical but rather a bacteria who lives in soil, that produces proteins that are toxic to the larva and other insects upon ingestion. BT has no effect on mammals because mammals cannot breakdown the protein, so it just passes through the body.

Most pesticides contain BT to safely target insect larva. So BT is not just being used on crops but also for insect home defense.

And learn how to spell. Hello, does anyone have any idea how pesticides affect plant animal and human CELLS, or there cell biology? Please get back to me ASAP thank you. Re-read the article! A lot of non-toxic things become toxic in huge doses even water!

Hi Anthony, you posted a link to an interesting article about toxicity of Bt to mice. First, I should stress that greenmedinfo is a notorious pseudoscience website. The article was written by a massage therapist who is an anti-Monsanto activist. This is not automatically disqualifying, but reason for great caution! I have two main objections to the mouse study: firstly, the authors did not use a true negative control spores without the toxin.

My friend please get a blood and urine test. It will show glyphosate. This is the largest mass contamination. Please check yourself. Why are we doing this? You do eat pounds of BT Corn weekly. Is a concentrated isolate of BT Corn. Want a list of where the BT Corn is???? As it turns out, there are a few hundred ingredients that fall under the classification is, or can be, derived from corn.

This information is not to scare you, but to help you be an informed consumer, and hopefully help you avoid those pesky corn based ingredients. See Citrate below for details. The rest of the year, it is from corn. Cellulose, Vegetable, Powered, etc. Citrate — can refer either to the conjugate base of citric acid, or to the esters of citric acid.

An example of the former, a salt is trisodium citrate; an ester is triethyl citrate. Citric Acid — the source sugar is corn steep liquor along with hydrolyzed corn starch Corn Corn Meal — items baked sitting on Corn Meal such as Bagels, Breads or Pizza, may not list Corn Meal as an ingredient Corn Starch — in most over the counter medicines that come in a dry pill form.

Yes, this includes Benedryl too. Watch for Corn Syrup in the liquid forms. Corn Syrup Decyl Glucoside — used in personal care products such as shampoo. It is produced by the reaction of glucose from corn starch with the fatty alcohol decanol which is derived from coconut. Dextrin, Maltodextrin — thickening agents found in sauces check those frozen veggies! Can also be used as a carrier with anesthetic shots such as Lidocaine and Novocaine! Dextrose is also injected into meat, lunch meats and deli cuts.

Ethanol — made by fermenting sugars produced from corn starch. Ferrous Gluconate — i. Honey — May contain corn syrup, as HFCS is sometimes fed to bees, resulting in corn in the honey produced.

Lactic Acid — Commercially, lactic acid can be made synthetically from chemicals or organically as a byproduct of corn fermentation. Lauryl Glucoside — is a surfactant used in cosmetics.

It is a glycoside produced from glucose and lauryl alcohol. Magnesium Citrate — Magnesium salt of citric acid. Maltitol is made by hydrogenation of maltose obtained from starch. Maltodextrin Maltose Mannitol — A naturally occurring alcohol that is often combined with corn derived sugars.

Methyl Gluceth — an emollient used in cosmetics manufactured from corn sugar and corn starch. Polydextrose — is synthesized from dextrose, and contains sorbitol and citric acid. It is a food ingredient classified as soluble fiber and is frequently used to increase the non-dietary fiber content of food, replace sugar, reduce calories and reduce fat content.

Note: Dextrose, Sorbitol, and Citric Acid are all on this list of ingredients derived from corn. Polysorbates i. Polysorbate 80 — Polysorbates are oily liquids derived from PEG-ylated sorbitan a derivative of sorbitol esterified with fatty acids. Potassium Citrate — See Citrate above for details. Sodium Citrate — See Citrate above for details. Sodium Erythorbate — is produced from sugars derived from sources such as beets, sugar cane and corn.

It is a food additive used predominantly in meats, poultry, and soft drinks. Sodium Starch Glycolate — is the sodium salt of a carboxymethyl ether of starch. It can be derived from any starch source rice, corn, potatoes, etc. Sorbitan — is a mixture of chemical compounds derived from the dehydration of sorbitol. Sorbitan Monostearate — an ester of sorbitol and stearic acid. You will see this ingredient used in Yeast and possibly other places as well.

Sorbitol — You will find Sorbitol in Sugar Free items such as candy, chewing gum, cosmetics, mouth wash, and toothpaste Starch — often this is corn starch unless it specifies something else, like potato starch Sucralose — Sucralose by itself may be corn free, though it is likely one best to avoid.

Tocopherol Vitamin E Vanilla Extract — most brands will have corn syrup, though you can find organic brands that do not, though the alcohol may be corn-derived. Vinegar, Distilled White — can be made from any sugar, but the most common method is to use corn that has been converted from starch into sugar. The vitamins may be corn-derived, or corn-derivatives may be used in the binding if solid or suspension if liquid of the vitamin compound.

Xanthan Gum — a food additive that is used as a thickening agent. It is found in sauces, spices, and commonly in Gluten Free foods. Xanthan Gum is most often grown on corn, or corn sugars.

If an item includes Xanthan Gum and states it is corn-free, call the manufacturing company and inquire as to the source of Xanthan Gum to be sure.

Xylitol — You will find Xylitol in Sugar Free items such as candy, chewing gum, cosmetics, mouth wash, and toothpaste Zein — used in time-release medications, derived from Maize. This list is not all inclusive of ingredients to avoid. Foolish comment followed by a meaningless list. It is less toxic than salt.

Where did you get the idea of a glyphosate blood test? Why are you so concerned about traces of this herbicide, versus the thousands of other substances that can be detected?

Bt is one of the safest pesticides on the market, so why do you focus on it? Feel free to post a few of the specific claims and I will explain with evidence. Why they are lies. After extensive research, it is evident that the use of GMOs and roudup is against the design of how the earth has been designed to produce crops, there is a definitely the short-term benefit of the use of such products in terms of eradicating weeds and pests. However, the use of such chemicals and genetically modified organisms cause several issues which include:.